Aligning Web Services with the Semantic Web to Create a Global Read-Write Graph of Data
Presentation of the paper "Aligning Web Services with the Semantic Web to Create a Global Read-Write Graph of Data" gave at the 9th IEEE European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS 2011) in Lugano, Switzerland. Despite significant research and development efforts, the vision of the Semantic Web yielding to a Web of Data has not yet become reality. Even though initiatives such as Linking Open Data gained traction recently, the Web of Data is still clearly outpaced by the growth of the traditional, document-based Web. Instead of releasing data in the form of RDF, many publishers choose to publish their data in the form of Web services. The reasons for this are manifold. Given that RESTful Web services closely resemble the document-based Web, they are not only perceived as less complex and disruptive, but also provide read-write interfaces to the underlying data. In contrast, the current Semantic Web is essentially read-only which clearly inhibits net-working effects and engagement of the crowd. On the other hand, the prevalent use of proprietary schemas to represent the data published by Web services inhibits generic browsers or crawlers to access and understand this data; the consequence are islands of data instead of a global graph of data forming the envisioned Semantic Web. We thus propose a novel approach to integrate Web services into the Web of Data by introducing an algorithm to translate SPARQL queries to HTTP requests. The aim is to create a global read-write graph of data and to standardize the mashup development process. We try to keep the approach as familiar and simple as possible to lower the entry barrier and foster the adoption of our approach. Thus, we based our proposal on SEREDASj, a semantic description language for RESTful data services, for making proprietary JSON service schemas accessible.
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Aligning Web Services with the Semantic Web to Create a Global Read-Write Graph of Data
- 1. Aligning Web Services with the Semantic Web to Create a Global Read-Write Graph of Data Markus Lanthaler Graz University of Technology
- 2. Web services are increasingly popular
- 3. Twitter Facebook Google 15 billion 5 billion 5 billion per day per day per day
- 4. Semantic Web is still in its infancy
- 5. Semaphobia!?
- 6. Lightweight semantic annotations start to gain acceptance
- 7. Increasing interest in the relationship of RESTful services and Linked Data
- 8. Increasing interest in the relationship of RESTful services and Linked Data
- 9. © Nesster Most previous efforts assume RPC-style. REST is different.
- 10. simplicity son
- 11. { "id": 556410, "first_name": "Markus", "last_name": "Lanthaler", "gender": "male", "knows": [ { "id": 586807, "name": "Christian Gütl" }, { "id": 790980, "name": "John Doe" } ] }
- 12. { "id": 556410, "first_name": "Markus", "last_name": "Lanthaler", "gender": "male", "knows": [ { "id": 586807, "name": "Christian Gütl" }, { "id": 790980, "name": "John Doe" } ] } "type": "object", "model": "[foaf:Person]", "properties": { "id": { "type": "number", "model": "[ex:id]" }, "first_name": { "type": "string", "model": "[foaf:firstName]" }, "last_name": { "type": "string", "model": "[foaf:surname]" }, ...
- 13. { "id": 556410, "first_name": "Markus", "last_name": "Lanthaler", "gender": "male", "knows": [ { "id": 586807, "name": "Christian Gütl" }, { "id": 790980, "name": "John Doe" } ] } "type": "object", "model": "[foaf:Person]", "properties": { "id": { "type": "number", "model": "[ex:id]" }, "first_name": { "type": "string", "model": "[foaf:firstName]" }, "last_name": { "type": "string", "model": "[foaf:surname]" }, ...
- 14. { "id": 556410, "first_name": "Markus", "last_name": "Lanthaler", "gender": "male", "knows": [ { "id": 586807, "name": "Christian Gütl" }, { "id": 790980, "name": "John Doe" } ] } "type": "object", "model": "[foaf:Person]", "properties": { "id": { "type": "number", "model": "[ex:id]" }, "first_name": { "type": "string", "model": "[foaf:firstName]" }, "last_name": { "type": "string", "model": "[foaf:surname]" }, ...
- 15. { "id": 556410, "first_name": "Markus", "last_name": "Lanthaler", "gender": "male", "knows": [ { "id": 586807, "name": "Christian Gütl" }, { "id": 790980, "name": "John Doe" } ] } "/user/{id}": { "mediaType": "application/json", "seredasjDescription": "#", "variables": { "id": { "binding": "#properties/knows/id" } }, "requestDescription": "#" } }
- 16. { "id": 556410, "first_name": "Markus", "last_name": "Lanthaler", "gender": "male", "knows": [ { "id": 586807, "name": "Christian Gütl" }, { "id": 790980, "name": "John Doe" } ] } "links": { "/user/search{?query}": { "mediaType": "application/json", "seredasjDescription": "personlist.json", "semantics": { "[iana:relation]": "[iana:search]" }, "variables": { "query": { "model": "[foaf:name]" } } },
- 17. { "id": 556410, "first_name": "Markus", "last_name": "Lanthaler", "gender": "male", "knows": [ { "id": 586807, "name": "Christian Gütl" }, { "id": 790980, "name": "John Doe" } ] }
- 18. Two Algorithms
- 19. 1 select ← createSelect(query) 2 bindings ← tripleStore.execute(select) 3 4 for each binding in bindings do 5 deleteData ← createDeleteData(query, binding) 6 operations.add(deleteData) 7 insertData ← insertDeleteData(query, binding) 8 operations.add(insertData) 9 end for 10 11 operations.sort() 12 translateDataOperations(operations)
- 20. 1 do 2 requests ← retrievePotentialRequests(triples) 3 progress ← false 4 while requests.hasNext() = true do 5 request ← requests.next() 6 request.setData(triples) 7 request.setData(tripleStore) 8 if isValid(request) = true then 9 if request.submit() = success then 10 resp ← request.parseResponse() 11 triples.update(resp.getTriples()) 12 tripleStore.update(resp.getTriples()) 13 requests.remove(request) 14 progress ← true 15 end if 16 end if 17 end while 18 while progress = true 19 if triples.empty() = true then 20 success() 21 else 22 error(triples) 23 end if
- 22. /author/{id} /publication/{id} foaf:Person foaf:Document id ex:persId id ex:pubId name foaf:givenName X title dc:title X lastname foaf:familyName X authors[] dc:creator X address v:adr id ex:persId X city v:locality name foaf:name country v:country-name
- 23. 1 INSERT DATA { 2 _:public1 a foaf:Document ; 3 dc:title "My first paper" ; 4 dc:creator _:author1 ; 5 dc:creator auth:cg789 . 6 _:author1 a foaf:Person ; 7 foaf:givenName "Markus" ; 8 foaf:familyName "Lanthaler" ; 9 v:adr _:addr1 . 10 _:addr1 v:country-name "Italy" . 11 } POST /publication/ POST /author/ { "title": "My first paper", "authors": [ { "id": "cg789" } ] } 201 Created Location: /publication/p489/
- 24. 1 INSERT DATA { 2 _:public1 a foaf:Document ; 3 pub:p489 dc:title "My first paper" ; 4 dc:creator _:author1 ; 5 dc:creator auth:cg789 . 6 _:author1 a foaf:Person ; 7 auth:ml98 foaf:givenName "Markus" ; 8 foaf:familyName "Lanthaler" ; 9 v:adr _:addr1 . 10 _:addr1 v:country-name "Italy" . 11 } POST /publication/ POST /author/ { "title": "My first paper", { "name": "Markus", "authors": [ "lastname": "Lanthaler", { "id": "cg789" } "address": { ] "country": "Italy" } } } 201 Created 201 Created Location: /publication/p489/ Location: /author/ml98
- 25. 1 INSERT DATA { 2 _:public1 a foaf:Document ; 3 pub:p489 dc:title "My first paper" ; 4 dc:creator auth:ml98 ; 5 dc:creator auth:cg789 . 6 _:author1 a foaf:Person ; 7 auth:ml98 foaf:givenName "Markus" ; 8 foaf:familyName "Lanthaler" ; 9 v:adr _:addr1 . 10 _:addr1 v:country-name "Italy" . 11 } PUT /publication/p489 { "title": "My first paper", "authors": [ { "id": "cg789" }, { "id“: "ml98" } ] } 200 OK
- 26. do it on-the-fly
- 27. Thank You © 2011, Markus Lanthaler. Some Rights Reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
- 28. Questions? Markus Lanthaler @MarkusLanthaler Markus.Lanthaler@student.TUGraz.at http://www.slideshare.net/lanthaler
- 29. Image Credits (1) http://galleries.www.frut.lv/en/5432/959 (3) Adapted from “Two Billion is Cool,” M. Thomson. Available: http://corp.klout.com/blog/2011/07/two-billion-is-cool/ (5) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scream (9) http://www.flickr.com/photos/nesster/3168425434/